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Marxist approach to International Relations

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The Marxist approach to the study of international relational is unconventional, as it insists on the need for change, unlike the realist and liberals. It is not status-quoits and stands for radical change of the existing international/world order. Liberals and Realist theories hold that power is organized vertically, reflecting the division of the world into independent states, Marxism advances a theory of horizontal organization based on international class. Marxist agrees that the social world must be viewed and analyzed in totality. They insist that understanding one without knowledge of the other is not possible because the social world can only be studied as a whole. Another key element of the Marxist approach is the materialist conception of history. Economic development serves as the motor of history. The central dynamic that Marx identifies is tension between means of production and relations of production that together form the economic base of a given society. The legal,...
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Write a short note on Central Asian states (IGNOU/UPSC/STATE EXAMS)

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 Before its disintegration in 1991, the Soviet Union consisted of 15 Union Republics. Of these, five were in Central Asia. These Republics- Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan began the process of state formation soon after the former Soviet Union ceased to exist.                                                        STATE FORMTION IN CENTRAL ASIA: The national identities of Central Asia strengthened with Soviets policy of economic modernization, mass education, strengthening indigenous languages, growth of literacy and expansion of indigenous and administrative cadres.  On one hand the indigenous nationality was being consolidated culturally, politically and demographically, and on the other hand it created multi-ethnic societies due to migration from other regions of USSR into Central Asia leading to groups c...
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Configure John Rawls Theory of Justice (IGNOU/UPSC/STATE EXAMS)

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John Rawl is known as a social liberal philosopher and is famous for his theory of justice. In his article 'justice as fairness,' he called justice as the first virtue of social institution. For him, fairness means, system should be fair for those who are meritorious as well as for those who are not so capable. Capitalism may not be fair for poor and communism for hardworking. Thus, justice must meet the criteria of fairness.                                         RAWL'S        INFLUENCE POSITIVE LAW & POSITIVE JUSTICE: John Locke COMMON GOOD: Rousseau SELF RESPECT & DIGNITY: Immanuel Kant Rawl's theory of justice is a criticism of utilitarianism. He describes his theory as de-ontological whereas utilitarianism as the end state theory.  He says that his theory is purely procedural as he only gives the right procedure and does not give any specific form...
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