Marxist approach to International Relations

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The Marxist approach to the study of international relational is unconventional, as it insists on the need for change, unlike the realist and liberals. It is not status-quoits and stands for radical change of the existing international/world order. Liberals and Realist theories hold that power is organized vertically, reflecting the division of the world into independent states, Marxism advances a theory of horizontal organization based on international class. Marxist agrees that the social world must be viewed and analyzed in totality. They insist that understanding one without knowledge of the other is not possible because the social world can only be studied as a whole. Another key element of the Marxist approach is the materialist conception of history. Economic development serves as the motor of history. The central dynamic that Marx identifies is tension between means of production and relations of production that together form the economic base of a given society. The legal,...
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Write a short note on Central Asian states (IGNOU/UPSC/STATE EXAMS)

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 Before its disintegration in 1991, the Soviet Union consisted of 15 Union Republics. Of these, five were in Central Asia. These Republics- Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan began the process of state formation soon after the former Soviet Union ceased to exist.

                                                     




 STATE FORMTION IN CENTRAL ASIA:

The national identities of Central Asia strengthened with Soviets policy of economic modernization, mass education, strengthening indigenous languages, growth of literacy and expansion of indigenous and administrative cadres. 

On one hand the indigenous nationality was being consolidated culturally, politically and demographically, and on the other hand it created multi-ethnic societies due to migration from other regions of USSR into Central Asia leading to groups conflicts.

 Despite positive trends of indigenous nationhood and nationalism in Central Asia, fragmentations like rise of clan identity, regional and sub-national identities were still prevalent.

NATIONAL MINORITIES SINCE INDEPENDENCE:

After independence, some violent outburst in the form of inter-ethnic riots were visible. One of the main reason was difficult economic situation, putting ethnic minorities under pressure. 

Since the ethnic Russians represented the higher skilled and professional category in Certain Asia, during independence the loss of skilled Russian population had damaging effect on Central Asia.  

But positive trends like better inter-ethnic relation in the region, promotion of multi-ethnic character in the society has been observed. 

CHALLENGES POST SOVIET STATE FORMATION:

There were several challenges after post-soviet state formation in Central Asia which includes setting up the constitution for all the states of Central Asia in accordance to their country's conveniences, sorting out language diversity, religion and state differences. Worried about the emigration of skilled minorities and rise of radical Islam, Central Asia took up steps to create a harmonious conditions for integrating different nationalities in the process of state formation in the post-Soviet period.                                                                 


                       




                    

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