Marxist approach to International Relations

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The Marxist approach to the study of international relational is unconventional, as it insists on the need for change, unlike the realist and liberals. It is not status-quoits and stands for radical change of the existing international/world order. Liberals and Realist theories hold that power is organized vertically, reflecting the division of the world into independent states, Marxism advances a theory of horizontal organization based on international class. Marxist agrees that the social world must be viewed and analyzed in totality. They insist that understanding one without knowledge of the other is not possible because the social world can only be studied as a whole. Another key element of the Marxist approach is the materialist conception of history. Economic development serves as the motor of history. The central dynamic that Marx identifies is tension between means of production and relations of production that together form the economic base of a given society. The legal,...
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Issues of Human Rights (IGNOU/UPSC/STATE EXAMS)

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   Human Rights are rights we have simply because we exist as human beings; they are not granted by any state. These universal rights are inherent to us all regardless of nationality, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language or any other status.                                                         

   In the hope of attracting Transnational Corporations' Accountability (TNC) investing, nations bid against each other to offer the lowest levels of environmental, labor and human rights regulation. This competitiveness is directly contributing towards fewer social benefits, lower salaries of workers and violation of many social, political and trade union rights.

   Women employees have faced discrimination during pregnancy. It is regrettable that neither the corporations nor the government seem interested in responding to internationally recognized prohibitions on pregnancy-based discrimination.

   The right to form and trade union for the promotion and protection of economic and social interest are suppressed. 

The constitutional and statutory ban on employing children in hazardous industries, child labor in leather tanning, carpet industry, bangle-manufacturing units continues till day.

Also, the right to enjoy and share scientific progress is greatly restricted with the coming into force of TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) agreement. Trade related practices also lead to violations of the rights of indigenous people besides causing environmental damage and natural habitat. 

Moreover, the pursuit of free trade is benefiting rich countries more and the gap between rich and poor nations is growing further, leading to marginalization of poor nations.

There is a need for the TNC's to recognize the code of conduct and build a human dimension at international level. Countries need to hold themselves and others accountable while raising awareness of human rights and social justice issues.

  

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